Background: Prostate cancer is the third leading cause of death and is the most common cause of cancer in elderly men. Regarding to the low accuracy of screening methods such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) and trans rectal ultrasound (TRUS) in detection and localization of tumor, Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) and Diffusion Weighted imaging (DWI) attracted many attentions in the past years. DWI reveals micro-molecular diffusion, which is the Brownian motion of the spins in biologic tissues. This technique can delineate pathologic lesions with high tissue contrast against generally suppressed background signal. In this paper, the value of DWI in detection of prostate cancer is studied.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the studied population are suspicious patients to prostate cancer based on high Prostatic Specific Antigen level or abnormal Digital Rectal Examination who refered for prostate biopsy to radiology department of Hazrate- Rasoul Hospital during the year 2011. The results of DWI are compared to biopsy results for all patients.Results: Eighty five patients are selected. The DWI sensitivity in detecting of prostate cancer is 100%, specificity 97.1% and positive and negative predictive values are 89.5% and 100%, respectively. The results showed that if DWI reports the prostate cancer as negative, the result was highly reliable and if it reports as positive, although the report was not 100% reliable, but it still had high reliability, more than 90%.Conclusion: DWI had high accuracy in detecting prostate cancer for patients with cancer. Also the accuracy of this method for patients without prostate cancer was acceptable compared to the other common methods.

Introduction The staging of endometrial carcinoma is now performed based on postoperative pathological assessments. If the staging of the cancer could be possible with a preoperative non-invasive method, based on the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics system, a more appropriate treatment protocol can be recommended for patients. This study was performed aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging in the staging of endometrial carcinoma, based on the postoperative histopathological reference standard. Methods This prospective study was conducted in 2016-2021 on 35 patients with endometrial cancer referred to Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad. The staging of endometrial cancer was performed based on MRI findings and pathological samples. The diagnostic value of MRI was calculated to distinguish stages 1 from 2 and 1A from 1B. The lesion dimensions in the MRI and the pathological samples were compared using independent-sample t-test and the lesion dimensions between different stages using the ANOVA test by SPSS (version 17). P<0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results According to the findings of MRI and pathology, the majority of patients (93. 3%) were in stage 1, and 2 (6. 7%) were in stage 2. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value in differentiating stage 1 from stage 2 was 100%, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of MRI in differentiating IA from IB was 100%. Conclusion It seems that dMRI by DWI method can be used in the staging of endometrial tumors in the initial stages (stage 1 from 2 and IA from IB) with diagnostic value.

Background/Objective: Primary cardiac neoplasms are rare, affect patients in all ages. The most common primary cardiac tumors is myxoma, which accounts for approximately half of the cases. Different MRI techniques can be used to evaluate cardiac morphol-ogy (including three-dimensional views), functional mass, ventricular valve motion, intracardiac and peri-cardiac masses, pericardial fluid. In this lecture the clinical, pathological, radiological features of the primary benign and malignant cardiac and pericardial tumors are going to be presented. Patients and Methods: The 46 patients were exam-ined with MRI (Siemens, Symphony, 1.5 T, Germany) Standard views (2 chamber, 4 chamber, cinese-quences in short and long axis)uy and analysis were performed. All patients underwent MRI after 20 mi-nutes, following an intravenous bolus injection (0.2 mmol/kg). Injection rate was 3 ml/sec, and was fol-lowed by 20 ml of saline. Result: One primary angiosarcoma, two myxomas, one primary lymphoma have been diagnosed. Conclusion: The diagnosis and management of the primary cardiac tumors has been greatly facilitated by the development of noninvasive cardiac imaging. The preferred initial method for detecting cardiac tumours is echocardiography, but a complete assess-ment of the heart and surrounding tissues may some-times be difficult with this technique. Ehocardiography typically shows a solid mass of vari-able echogenicity, local spread to surrounding struc-tures, and physiologic consequences of the tumour mass. CT is helpful in the evaluation of the cardiac tumours as it demonstrates the broad -based tumour attachment, myocardial, pericardial, and mediastinal invasion, as well as extension into the great vessels and pulmonary metastases, when present. Optimal evaluation of the heart tumours is accom-plished with cardiac-gated MR imaging. The differen-tial diagnosis of the heart tumors must include benigh lesions such as a thrombus, haemangiomas, myxoma, lipoma and fibroma, and malignant tumors such as myxosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, neurofibrosarcoma, syn-ovial sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, rhab-domyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, un-differentiated sarcoma and lymphoma. MR imaging give very specific information in the evaluation of primary cardiac tumors- location, mor-phological features, and tissue characteristics, includ-ing the presence of calcification, fat fibrous tissue, hemorrhage, and cystic change, and may help to make the diagnosis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of diffusion weighted imaging in Diffusion weighted imaging in distinguishing between in benign and malignant breast lesion Methods: There were 37 female patients with 47 lesions. Sixty seven female subjectd (40 mean age ), age ranges 17-69, with histopathologically proven breast lesions underwent DWI of breasts with a single shot echo planar imaging (EPI )sequence. the computed mean apparent diffusion cofficients (ADCs) of the breasts lesion and cell density were then correlated. Results: The ADC varied substantially between benign breast lesions ((1. 52  0. 26)  10-3 mm2 / second). And malignant breast lesions ((0. 94  0. 21)  10-3 mm2 / second). The AUC with ROC analysis was 0. 896 and the threshold for ADC was 1. 17  10-3 mm2 /second with a sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 85%, respectively. The mean ADC of malignant breast lesions was statistically lower for benign lesions (P value less than 0. 01) Conclusions: The ADC would be a effective parameter in distinguishing between malignant and benign breast lesions.

Collaboration group of Nagoya university and Osaka university have developed two optical fiber based integrated PET/MRI systems for small animals and two Si-PM based PET systems that can be combined with MRI systems. There are some advantages and disadvantages in optical fiber based and Si-PM based PET/MRI systems. The main advantage of the optical fiber based PET system is less or no interferences between PET and MRI and the disadvantage is the light loss of the fiber which degrades the performance of the PET. The advantage of the Si-PM based PET system is no light loss and the disadvantages are the interferences between PET and MRI and the temperature dependent sensitivity changes. From our experiences, optical fiber PET systems are suitable for combined with low magnetic field MRI systems because the signal level of these MRI systems are small and sensitive to the noise form PET systems. Si-PM PET systems are suitable for higher magnetic field MRI systems probably because the signal level is higher enough to ignore the noise from the PET systems although some interferences form RF and gradient signals may decrease the performance of the Si-PM PET systems. One of our optical fiber based PET system employed 0.5mm diameter double clad fibers which have 24mm x 24mm rectangular output and dual 12mm x 24mm rectangular inputs. Two types LGSO scintillators were optically coupled in DOI direction, arranged in 11 x 13 matrix and optically coupled to the fiber bundle. The two inputs of the bundle are bent for 90 degrees, bound to one, and is optically coupled to a Hamamatsu 1-inch square PSPMT. Eight optical fiber based block detectors were arranged in a ring to form a PET system. A 0.3T open-MRI is combined with the optical fiber PET system. The spatial resolution of the integrated PET system was 1.2mm and sensitivity was 1.2%, better than one of the Si-PM PET systems we developed. So we still feel optical fiber based PET systems are promising for new hybrid systems in which the interference with other modality is critical. Si-PM PET systems are promising for combining with high field MRIs but we need to minimize the interference between PET and MRI for both modalities.